A Guide to Types of Prosthetics

A prosthesis is a device used to replace a missing body part. It makes the body work better. Usually, we see missing joints and limbs commonly replaced by prosthetics. But how many types of prosthetics are there? There are four main categories:

1. Transradial
2. Transhumeral
3. Transtibial
4. Transfemoral

Depending on the part missing from the body, a proper prosthesis is provided. Let’s get into the details and learn about the types of prosthetics.

Types of Prosthetics 

Prosthetic parts are lighter, stronger, and easier to use. It’s very important to fit a prosthetic correctly because it affects how well you can move and how comfortable it is. A prosthetist, the person who makes and fits prosthetics, will help you choose the right type and the best way to attach it.

1. Transradial Prosthesis

A transradial prosthesis is an artificial arm that attaches below the elbow. There are two main types:

• Passive Prosthesis:This type does not move and is mostly for looks.
• Active Prosthesis:This type can move.

There two further kinds:

• Body-Powered Prosthesis:It connects to the body with cables. When you move your body, the cables move the prosthetic.
• Myoelectric Prosthesis:It uses electrodes that send signals to the artificial arm, making it move like a real hand.

2. Transhumeral Prosthesis

A transhumeral prosthesis replaces an arm missing above the elbow. It works much like a transradial prosthesis and comes in similar types:

• Passive:Doesn’t move, just for looks.
• Body-Powered:Uses cables connected to the body to move.
• External-Powered:Uses an outside power source to move.
• Hybrid:A mix of different types, often chosen because it provides both motion and grip.

The most common way to attach a transhumeral prosthesis is with a suction or roll-on liner system, which helps keep the prosthetic in place securely.

3. Transfemoral Prosthetics

These prosthetics replace the leg above the knee and include a knee joint. This makes them more complicated because the knee joint is very important for sitting, standing, balancing, and moving. It takes a lot of practice to use these prosthetics, but they can help the person move almost normally.

4. Transtibial Prosthetics

These prosthetics replace the leg below the knee, so the person can still use their knee. The main part is the prosthetic socket, which connects the remaining leg to the prosthetic. This socket helps distribute the weight. People need to practice using these prosthetics because the feet part doesn’t usually move.

5. Arm Amputation and Prosthetics

Prosthetics for arms are different in how they work and how they are controlled. A person who has lost an arm can choose between an active or passive prosthetic. They can also choose whether to control it using their own body or with external power.

6. Silicone Arms, Hands, and Fingers

Silicone arms, hands, and fingers look very natural because their color can match any skin tone. The soft silicone material is shaped to blend smoothly with the skin, making it look real.

Most silicone prosthetics stay in place with a suction fit. When you push the prosthetic onto the leftover part of your finger or arm, the air gets squeezed out, creating a tight and secure fit.

For finger prosthetics, sometimes a metal piece (called an osseointegrated implant) is used. This metal piece sticks out from the end of the amputated finger, making it as long as the original finger. It helps the prosthetic work better and looks more real because it’s supported from the inside.

7. Leg Amputation and Prosthetics

Prosthetic legs are chosen based on whether the leg is amputated above or below the knee. Each type needs special care to help the person move well again.

Types of Prosthetic Legs

Each person needs a different kind of prosthetic leg based on their needs. Here are some types:

• Exoskeleton Prosthesis:Also called conventional or crustacean type, these are made from wood or plastic. They are strong and look good, but they can’t be customized much.
• Endoskeleton Prosthesis:These have a tubular structure connecting all the parts, like the socket, suspension system, foot, and knee unit. They are more flexible and can be customized.

Knee Options for Prosthetics

• Mechanical Knees:These can be single-axis or multi-axis (polycentric) knees. Single-axis knees bend forward and backward, while polycentric knees can move in multiple directions. Both types have stability locks to keep them secure.
• Computerized Knees:These use technology to move more smoothly and naturally.

In simple terms, prosthetics help people move better after losing a limb. Different types of prosthetics are available to match each person’s needs and lifestyle.

The List Goes On

Just like there are different types of hand and arm prosthetics, there are also different types of prosthetic feet. These can help with everyday activities and sports.

• Silicone Feet
  These look real but are mainly for looks.

• Sports Feet and Mechanical Feet
  These move more like a real foot and are good for active people.

• Dynamic Prosthetic Feet
  Some prosthetic feet, like the microprocessor foot, use special technology to adjust to different surfaces and situations in real-time. This helps the person walk more naturally.

• Ankle Prostheses
  Some prosthetics come with ankle joints that move, making activities feel more natural and flexible.

• Hip Prosthetics
  Hip prosthetics are used in hip replacement surgery. They are usually made from metals, ceramics, or plastic. The surgery can replace all or part of the hip, depending on how damaged it is.

• Other Prosthetic Implants
  There are also prosthetics for other body parts like eyes and noses.

Get the Best Prosthetics Fit

Prosthetics have come a long way, becoming lighter, stronger, and more adaptable to individual needs. Whether it’s for an arm, leg, or even a finger, the right prosthetic can make a big difference in a person’s life. With various options available, from silicone limbs to high-tech microprocessor feet, it’s important to work with a prosthetist to find the best fit.

At Advance Care, we are dedicated to helping people regain their mobility and confidence with custom prosthetics designed to meet their unique needs. Contact us to learn more about how we can help you or a loved one move better and live fully.